What to Expect During a Colonoscopy: The Procedure and Recovery

The Colonoscopy Procedure Explained

The colonoscopy itself typically takes 30 to 60 minutes. After a brief health review, patients are given a mild sedative to help them relax. Once sedated, the doctor inserts the colonoscope through the rectum and gently advances it through the colon. The camera on the colonoscope transmits images to a monitor, allowing the doctor to examine the colon lining for abnormalities, take biopsies, or remove polyps if necessary.

How Sedation Works

Most colonoscopies are performed under conscious sedation, meaning patients remain awake but relaxed and may not remember the procedure. Some cases may involve deeper sedation, with an anesthesiologist present to monitor vital signs. The type of sedation depends on patient preference, health history, and the complexity of the procedure.

Polyp Removal and Biopsy Process

If polyps are found, the doctor may remove them during the procedure using specialized tools attached to the colonoscope. Polyps are then sent to a lab for analysis to check for cancerous or pre-cancerous cells. Biopsies of suspicious tissue can also be performed during the procedure, aiding in diagnosis without requiring a separate appointment.

Immediate Post-Procedure Care

After the procedure, patients are monitored until the effects of the sedation wear off. Some mild cramping or bloating may occur as air is introduced to the colon during the examination. It’s normal to feel sleepy or slightly disoriented, so rest is advised for the remainder of the day. Eating a light meal afterward is typically allowed unless otherwise directed by your doctor.

Understanding Your Results

In many cases, preliminary results are discussed right after the procedure. If polyps or abnormal tissues were removed, lab results may take several days to process. If no polyps are found, it’s a good indication of colon health, and you likely won’t need another colonoscopy for several years. However, your doctor will provide a customized follow-up plan based on your results.