How Stomach Cancer is Diagnosed: Procedures and Tests

Diagnosing stomach cancer involves a series of tests and procedures to confirm the presence and stage of the disease. Here’s a comprehensive guide to the diagnostic process and what to expect.

Initial Assessment
When symptoms like persistent indigestion, stomach pain, or unexplained weight loss present, a doctor will start with a physical examination and review your medical history. Questions about your symptoms, diet, family history, and lifestyle habits will guide the next steps.

Diagnostic Tests and Procedures

• Upper Endoscopy: The most definitive test for stomach cancer. A flexible tube with a camera is inserted through the mouth to examine the stomach lining. If suspicious areas are found, tissue samples are collected for a biopsy.
• Biopsy and Pathology: A biopsy involves taking a small tissue sample, which is then analyzed under a microscope to detect cancerous cells. This step confirms the diagnosis and provides information about the type of cancer.
• Imaging Tests: CT scans, PET scans, and MRI help determine the extent of cancer and whether it has spread to other parts of the body. An upper gastrointestinal series, which uses X-rays and a barium drink, can also highlight abnormalities in the stomach.

Staging the Cancer
If cancer is confirmed, the next step is staging to determine the severity and spread. Staging guides treatment decisions and involves:

• Endoscopic Ultrasound (EUS): This test uses sound waves to create images of the stomach and surrounding tissues. It helps determine how deeply the cancer has penetrated and if it has reached nearby lymph nodes.
• Laparoscopy: A surgical procedure where a small camera is inserted into the abdomen to check for cancer spread. It’s often used when imaging tests are inconclusive.

Blood Tests for Additional Information
While blood tests alone can’t diagnose stomach cancer, they help assess overall health and identify anemia, a common complication. Tests like liver function tests can reveal if cancer has spread to the liver.

The diagnosis of stomach cancer involves multiple steps, from initial assessments to advanced imaging and biopsies. Early and accurate diagnosis is crucial for effective treatment. If you experience persistent symptoms, don’t hesitate to seek medical advice for a thorough evaluation.